Improvement in the manufacture,of dyes amd colors



enonen H. none, on cosmos, MASSACHUSETTS.

lMPRGJEhlEilT 3N THE MANUFACTURE OF EYES AND CQLORS.

Specification forming purl: of Letters Patent No. 54,95fi tlatefl'lll'ay 22, 1866.

I all whom it may concern: I

Be it known that I, Geo. P. REED, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful improvements in the Preparation and Manufacture oPDyes and Colors; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and correct description of the process of making and using the same.

he object-oi my invention is to produce liouid (lyes for silkor woolen cloth, not affected hy changes in the temperature, in a cheap and portable form, which may thus be kept; anal nseti in families as an article of domestic economy.

My invention consists in the production of liquid dyes, in all colors, from vegetable or mineral coloringonatters, so mixedantl .prc-

pared with the proper proportion or quantity ofniorrlant with glycol-inc, ulcohohpyroxylic spirit, or wood-naphtha, that the same will endure both heat and cold, and may he kept for any periozl without uniler oing change, and will produce a complete and efi'ectuul (lye upon either sill; or woolen cloth or fabric one application. 1

I employ hoth coloring-matters and morilants which have long been known'antlused. They may be either vegetable or mineral, or

both; and my invention (lees not consist in the particular articles or. ingredients used, but-in the product or result obtained, and the mode and. process by which the some is prepared and produceil. 7

Different colorin g-mattersand niortlants are used, according to the shade or color to beehtaineil, and is well understood by dyers and those acquainted with mixing and applying colors; but my invention does not depend upon the mixture of any snecific ingredients, either coloring-matters or mordants, but is applicable to all mixtures of vegetable or mineral coloring-matters (or both) and morilcnts which will produce arequiretl she-tie or color upon woolen and silk fabrics of u fixed, permanent, and effectual. character at one upplication.

It is well known to chemists and to those accustomed to prey a e aml use dyes that certain coloring-mutt end certain znortlants have an ailinity for woolen fabrics and others for silk fabrics, so that many substances which or in mixture will produce an effectual and. practical lye upon the one will not (lo so upon the other. It is also well known that certain substances in dyeing will neutralize and counteract the eit'ect of others,

As one partof my invention is too production of dyes in all colors which will dye both woolen and silk equally well, it is important whenever, in the preparation of the dyes, suhstances (either coloringanatters or inortlonts) are usetl which have an ailinity for-one but a repugnancc for the other fehric, also to use in connection with them other substances which have an affinity for the other fabric, but which will not act to neutralize the other substances, tithing care at all times to use such coloring-matters and incidents as will best-arid to the effect curl permanency of the color desirecl.

The coloring-matters and inortlunts which have an affinity for either-silkor wool are well known to tlyers and others, and it is needless to mention the mixtures: and combinations which are or may be made of them, as they are various and change with every color or shade of color, it being essential only phi? such substances and ingredients he used that one of then: has an aflinity LO! woolen anal one for silk, and neither neutralizes the other.-

To enable others to make use of any invention, I now proceed to describe it.

I put into a vat or kettle a quantity of water proportioned to the dye to be made. into this are poured or turned the. coloringqnntters and mordunts, in quantities each suited to the quantity of the other, and varying with the dye, the strength of the color and shade desired. The coloring-matters are in bulk in a, crude state as tney come from the dealers. They may first'he pulverized, but there is no ad vantage in it, audit is not my practice to (lo is then continued until the mass becomes as.

highly concentrated as is possiblehat is, until the liquid has absorbed. so much of the coloringuuatter and inortlant that it is not possible for it to take up more, or, in other a small piece of cloth to .take-out and test tti' shade, and thereby determine"- when the-color; is deep-enough. If it is too light, keeliwthe and quantities; but it is essential to the pro cess that the boiling should continue until the result already specified is attainedthat is, until the 1iquid has become so highly concentrated that no more of the coloring-matter or mordant can be absorbed in it. I then add the proper quantity of glycerine, alcohol,'p'yroxylic-spirit, or wood-naphtha, or either of them, to prevent its undergoing change.

The preparation. is now ready to be put in vials for sale, and may be kept for any length of time in any temperature, and without injury from heat or cold, and may be used with equal eflect either upon woolen or. silk goods.

It may be used according to the following directions, but I claim no novelty'or invention in the same,) viz: All goods to be dyed must be thoroughly cleansed in strong soap-suds, so as to remove all stains; grease spots, and streaks, and rinsed in clean .hot'water.

To use black,browns, .drabs,1i'awn or tan, light medium,and dark leathers, slates,stones,

and wines, have in a clean kettle w at'renough to cover the goods to be dyed. Shake tlie vial until: the contents are thoroughly mixed,* and pour into the water. Boil and put in the goods .loosely while wet, then boil for silks fifteen to twenty minutes, according to shade required' oolens require longer timethan silk. Black on woolens must be boiled from half an hour to an hour. Lift and stir the goods constantly with a stick, to allow the. dye to penetrate every part of the fabric alike; When the goods. fectual dye upon either silk or woolen cloth or are the right shade take them out, and'if A3118 shade be black, slate, or stone, wash them in weaksoap-suds and rinse in clean cold Water. For other colors use clean water only. Hang them out in the air-a few minutes, and-iron while damp. It is well to put into the liquors goods 1n longer. For yellow, corn, lemon;

light blue, dark blue, greens, orange, and sal-. mon,-proceed as for colors above, except that .theayatermustirotboil, but be-kept quite hot.

'- Iir'dyei'ng goods anycolor will take adarker shade. It the goods are not white,-it is better to discharge all the color possible by boiling in strong soap-suds and rinsing, repeating the -boilingas long as any colorcomes out into the water. Many colors can in this way be prepared so as to take other medium or dark col.- ors. Every color will dye black. Always test the color by dyeing a small piece of white silk or flannel. Use only soft water, and be sure to have enough to cover the goods. The large package will dye on an average about ten yards of silk or six to eight yards of woolen goods. The small package contains half as much as the large one.

per, brass,-0r tin which-is not worn.

and distributing the component parts of the dye in liquids, so that the same shall reach the degree of mixture andconcentration necessary, such as the use of vacuum, steam,

as heretofore described, as the most convenvient.

vat in other forms besides liquids and crystals. Lemploy these forms as the most convenient.

3 follows matter, and as'a new article of commerce, liquid dyes produced from vegetable or minewith the proper proportion or quantity of mordants and glycerine, alcohol, pyroxylic spirit,

same will endureboth heat and cold, and may be kept for any period without undergoing change, andywill produce a complete and efiabrickat one application.

2;;{Ehe-pr0cess'of making liquid dyes in all colorslby the mixture and preparation of coloring-mattersand mordants, either of vegetatioirofi glycerine, alcohol, pyroxylic spii-it, or wodmapht-ha, or either of-them, in such mangcold, and may be kept for any length of poduce a complete and effectual dye upon either silk or woolencloth or fabric atone-applica- 'tion, in the inanner substantially as above set forth. v

. .1 GEOC-HI REED. Attest:

WILLIAM H. BLODGETT, WALTER REED.

In dyeing withvthese colors do not use iron kettles, but use earthenware, porcelain,.cop-

Any other method of mixing, commingling,

8pc, may be employed instead of the boiling above described. I prefer to use the boiling,

. lordants may also be introduced into the Having described my invention, I claim as,

1. As a new manufacture or composition of ral coloring-matters, so mixedand prepared or 'wood-naphthuyor eitherof them, that the ble or mineral origin, or both, with the addi-- ne'r? that the dyes will .endureboth heat-and riod without undergoingchanges md will pro f 

